Integrating Food Biodiversity into Public Food Procurement: A Brazilian Amazon Case of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities

Biancada da Conceição Cabral; Teresa Borelli; Andrea das Graças Ferreira Frazao; Bernardo Tomchinsky; Sharon Mendonce; Danny Hunter

doi:10.55845/jos-2025-1265

Authors

Biancada da Conceição Cabral Rede Bionorte - Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Pará
Teresa Borelli Food Environment and Consumer Behaviour Division, Bioversity International
Andrea das Graças Ferreira Frazao Pós-graduação em Nutrição da Amazônia/Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará
Bernardo Tomchinsky Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológica, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará
Sharon Mendonce Food Environment and Consumer Behaviour Division, Bioversity International
Danny Hunter Food Environment and Consumer Behaviour Division, Bioversity International

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55845/jos-2025-1265

Keywords:

Food Biodiversity, Public Food Procurement, Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities, Amazon

Abstract

This study explores the integration of food biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and Local Communities (LCs) into public food procurement (PFP). Using a primarily qualitative approach, it combines a scoping review with a case study of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) across six municipalities in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Common barriers included rigid procurement guidelines, culturally inappropriate menus, and erosion of traditional knowledge, reflecting the marginalisation of IPs and LCs, as well as food biodiversity. Compared to the PNAE, the PAA exhibited stronger inclusion of IPs and LCs by integrating diverse foods, implementing “Indigenous” and “traditional” procurement modalities, and fostering social engagement. In the PNAE, culturally adapted menus for IPs and LCs were absent; however, the presence of unprocessed menu items positively correlated with food biodiversity. Strategies such as institutionalising hybrid governance, participatory mechanisms, and social participation can strengthen IPs and LCs and biodiversity, providing pathways for PFP to support equitable, resilient, and culturally grounded food systems while addressing global food system challenges.

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Yangdon, P., Araki, T., Rahayu, Y. Y. S., & Norbu, K. (2022). Ethnobotanical study of wild edible fruits in eastern Bhutan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 18(27), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-022-00526-8

Further References (Appendix 1):

Brazil. (1973). Law No. 6.001 of December 19, 1973 [Statute of Indigenous Peoples].

Brazil. (1988). Federal Constitution of Brazil, Article 231.

Brazil. (2003a). Law No. 10.696 of July 2, 2003 [Food Acquisition Program – PAA]. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2003/l10.696.htm

Brazil. (2003b). Decree No. 4.887 of November 20, 2003 [Regulation of Quilombola Land Rights]. https://bibliotecadigital.mdh.gov.br/jspui/handle/192/6434

Brazil. (2007). Decree No. 6.040 of February 7, 2007 [National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities]. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2007/Decreto/D6040.htm

Brazil. (2009a). Law No. 11.947 of June 16, 2009 [National School Feeding Program – PNAE]. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2009/lei/l11947.htm

Brazil. (2009b). National Plan for the Promotion of Socio-biodiversity Product Chains. https://bibliotecadigital.economia.gov.br/handle/123456789/1024

Brazil, Ministry of Health (MS). (2015). Brazilian Regional Food (Vol. 2). https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/alimentos_regionais_brasileiros_2ed.pdf

Brazil. (2023). Decreee No. 11.802, of November 28, 2023. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2023/decreto/D11802.htm

Brazil, Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA). (2020). Agrarian Reform Settlements. https://www.gov.br/incra/pt-br/assuntos/reforma-agraria/assentamentos

Brazil, Ministry of Environment (MMA). (2024). Traditional Peoples and Communities. https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/assuntos/povos-e-comunidades-tradicionais

Brazil, National Fund for Educational Development (FNDE). (2025). PNAE – National School Feeding Program. https://www.gov.br/fnde/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e- programas/programas/pnae/pnae-home

Brazil. (2025). Law No. 15,226 of September 30, 2025. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/L15226.htm

Kinupp, V. F., & Lorenzi, H. (2014). Non-Conventional Food Plants (PANC) in Brazil: Identification Guide, Nutritional Aspects and Illustrated Recipes (Vol. 1). Nova Odessa: Plantarum.